The figurehead role is one of the interpersonal roles of a manager.

According to Fayol, there are six activities directly involved with industrial projects. Technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting, managerial.

Philanthropic responsibilities are voluntary obligations a business firm assumes. Among them are contributions, training the unemployed, and providing day-care centers. The correct answer is C.

Business managers perform some fundamental functions such as planning, organizing, leading/influencing, and controlling.  

Taylor, as the founder of the scientific management approach, only focused on improving productivity and finding the best way to solve organizational problems. Thus, Taylor’s approach to management ignored the human side of the organization.

The disseminator role

Innovation and risk taking

Frederick W.Taylor is known as the father of the scientific management approach.

Disalignment of organizational goals and strageties.

Key Differences Between Strategic, Tactical, and Operational Plans are:

Strategic Plans:

Time Horizon: Typically 3–5 years

Scope: Broadest; focus on the entire organization

Complexity: The most complex and general, because of potentially covering different industries and business (for groups of companies)

Impact: Have the potential to dramatically impact, both positively and negatively, the survival and success of the organization

Interdependence: High; must take into account the resources and capabilities of the entire organization and its external environments. 

Tactical Plans: 

Time Horizon: Often focused on 1–2 years in the future

Scope: Typically focused on a strategic business unit

Complexity: Complex but more specific, with a more limited domain of application

Impact: Affect specific business units, but the effect on the entire organization is measured

Interdependence: Moderate; must take into account the resources and capabilities of several units within a business

Operational Plans:

Time Horizon: Usually focused on the next 12 months or less

Scope: Narrowest; usually centered on departments or smaller organizational units

Complexity: The least complex, because of usually focusing on small, homogenous units

Impact: Impact is usually restricted to a specific

department or organization unit

Interdependence: Low; the plans may be linked to higher-level tactical and strategic plans but are less interdependent

The correct answer is Choice D.

Corporate social performance

The planning function is central to controlling process.

Philanthropic responsibilities are “voluntary” obligations a business firm assumes. There is no economic, legal or ethical necessity to behave this way. Among them are contributions, training the unemployed, and providing day-care centers.

The rational decision-making model is a step-by-step process for making logically sound decisions. This model assumes that the decision maker has full or perfect information.  The objectives (results to be accomplished) are clear. The problem or opportunity can be clearly and easily defined but there is no time and cost limitations.

Organizing is the second management function after planning. The organizing function involves determining tasks and jobs, finding and hiring the best possible people to perform these tasks and jobs, defining the hierarchical relations within the organization, establishing the line of command, and finally coordinating the e orts of the employees. Organizing is a function of management related to establishing and maintaining organizational structures and systems. Such a responsibility is considered by managers as one of the most challenging tasks.

The external environment comprises of
factors affect business organizations indirecty;

whereas internal environment affects directly.

Optimal alternative is related to the rational model of decision making. According to this model the decision maker has full or perfect information for making the best decision. For example, all the alternatives and all the consequences of each alternative are known. Therefore at end of the evaluation the optimal alternative which is better than the others will be chosen.

The analysis of the general environment is called PEST (Political and legal, Economic, Sociocultural, and Technological factors) analysis. The correct answer is B.

Setting objectives starts from the long term then continues towards shorter terms, not the other way around.