Organizational decisions and actions
emphasize maintaining the status quo.

Management is perhaps better understood from a resource-based perspective. Regardless of the type and size, all organizations utilize four main resources. These resources are human, financial, physical, and information. Talent and labor are included in human resources. Financial resources refer to the sources of capital used by organization to finance its current and future operations. Physical resources are raw materials, o ices, facilities, factories, and machinery/equipment. Finally, information refers to usable data needed to make effective managerial decisions.

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Different plans have different features. Strategic plans are the broadest and they focus on the entire organization. Tactical plans typically focus on a strategic business unit. Operational plans are the narrowest and the focus of these plans are smaller organizational units.

The last approach in the classical management theory is the?bureaucracy approach introduced by the German sociologist Max?Weber (1864-1920). Although Weber lived and worked at the same?time as Fayol and Taylor, his contributions to the management?thought were not recognized until some years had passed.

5 Whys is used during the decision making process. The first step is to determine the statement of the problem or opportunity correctly and fully. The effectiveness of this stage affects the following stages of the decision-making process. Only with the help of a clearly and specifically stated problem or opportunity will the decision makers be able to reach an.

Systems approach is not among the classical management theories.

It is an attempt to build specific procedures
and processes to systematize organizational
activities and ensure coordination.

Frederick W.Taylor is known as the father of scientific management.

Structural changes denote the changes that significantly affect the dynamics of the economy now and in the future. For example, are dropping crude oil prices a temporary or structural change? If crude oil prices are not likely to rise over 100 US Dollars in the near future, it indicates a structural change. Managerial decisions and business operations should change according to whether the changes are temporary or structural. Otherwise, failures resulting from poor decisions are inevitable.

Fiscal policies are among the economic forces.

Even though the?time horizons for?long-term and short-?term might change?from one sector?to the other and?from one company?to the other, for?most business?organizations long-?term planning has a?time horizon that is?more than 3 years,?whereas short-term planning is done for a period less than a year.

Commercial activities are related to buying, selling, and exchange.

Suppliers are individuals or organizations providing businesses with inputs such as raw materials, semi-finished materials, and energy

Motivating the members of the organization is related with the Leading/Directing function of management.

The nature of planning changes with the level of management. High-level managers deal with long-term planning, whereas low-level managers plan for the short term. However, this does not necessarily mean that middle-level managers do not deal with long- or short-term planning, or low-level managers do not deal with medium-term planning. In fact, they do. Middle-level managers also plan for the long term and short term, but their planning is dominantly for the medium-term. By the same token, low-level managers also plan with different time horizons, but mainly plan for the short term. The correct answer is A. 

Leadership requires managers to use their power, personality, influence, persuasion, and communication skills to coordinate people and groups so their activities and efforts are in harmony. 

The first task of Planning is establishing the organizational goals.

Tactical plans deal with different functional necessities. They specify how the organization's resources can be used to put strategies into action. Production plans are about work methods and technologies; financial plans deal with money and capital investments; marketing plansa re about selling the products; and thefeore logistics are about suppliers and resources.

Competitors, suppliers, and buyers