Questioning, observing, networking, and experimenting trigger generating insights.

Organizational culture has three levels, namely basic assumptions, espoused values, and artifacts.

The acquisition process includes five sub-processes which are:

1. Internal R&D
2. Licensing and joint ventures
3. Organizational change
4. Project management
5. Technology insertion

The correct option is D.

Technology can be protected by the instruments such as; Patents (legal right to exclude other organizations given by the government), Trademarks (Word, name, symbol, etc.), Copyrights (Protection of lierary work, musical work, dramatic work, sound recordings), Trade Secrets (Protecting the internal secret information) and Know-How (Contractual transfer of knowledge from experts). Planning is not one of the instruments, therefore the correct answer is B.

Architectural innovation combines technological and business model disruptions.

Problems, participants, potential solutions, choice opportunities are among the components of the organizational decision-making process. The correct answer is E.

Decision-making tools for nonprogrammed decisions are judgment, intuition and creativity, computerized decision support systems and modeling. the correct option is D.

The accounting manager can ask the following questions:

1. What accounting firm should we use?
2. Who should process our payroll?
3. Should we give this customer credit?

The correct option is B.

Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship are about taking risks in order to make profit or opening up new businesses, therefore the correct answer is D.

Slogans are catchy and strikingly vivid messages that are not only used for advertisement and PR purposes, but also for conveying meaning attached to the organizational culture of the organizations

Protection is necessary to keep the knowledge, skills, technologies and brands of organizations. Other options are not related to the definition, so the answer is A.

Carnegie model of decision making has the following features:

• Limited information is available.
• Decision making is costly.
• Decision making is affected by the preferences and values of decision makers.
• A limited range of alternatives is generated.
• Solution is chosen by compromise, bargaining, and accommodation between organizational coalitions.
• Solution chosen is satisfactory for the organization.

The correct option is A.

Process innovation is a company’s effort to refine and improve its current processes. In the early stages of industry development, product innovation is vital. However, over time product innovation becomes less critical, and process innovations designed to reduce manufacturing costs and increase product quality become more critical.

“Technology” and “Technique” to different meanings can be important to explain. While the term “Technique” refers to the set of scientific knowledge and experience to use to accomplish tasks, technology is the ability of using the scientific knowledge and experience with the help of tools, machines and materials. Therefore, these two concepts do not differ completely from each other, but complete each other in different perspectives.

Protection is the process and set of activities to preserve the knowledge, skills, technologies, and brands of organizations. the correct option is A.

After deciding the change to make, managers decide whether the change will be top-down or bottom-up.