To Plato, the pursuit of freedom in a pure democracy would result in anarchy and chaos.

Another system is what is called a parallel electoral system. In parallel systems, voters elect the candidate and the party separately. This is done either with one ballot or two separate ballots. Countries using parallel systems include Armenia, Japan, Korea, Philippines, and Ukraine.

Hybrid democracy is a form of government with a mixture of democratic principles found in non-democratic governments.

There are different organizational structures, and different sizes, of democracies. The Economist identifies democracies as: full democracy (examples: Norway and Canada); flawed democracy (examples: United States and France); as hybrid regime (for example Pakistan); or as authoritarian democracy (examples: Russia and China) (Economist, 2015).

The concept of democracy is credited to have originated some time ago with the ancient Greeks. The Greek word for democracy, demokratía, literally meant, “rule of the people.”

Countries such as Egypt, Canada, Great Britain, the United States, and Yemen use a type of SMP system. Approximately 26% of the democracies use this type of system for their lower chamber. The correct answer is D.

Fascism stresses strict nationalistic policies and rigid control over social behavior and it promotes the influential power of nationalism and is similar to totalitarianism. The correct answer is B.

In pursuing democratic rule, France endured successive violent disagreements between its citizens and the government following its Revolutionary War from 1789-1799, when citizens claimed independence from aristocracy. The correct answer is D.

A stratocracy is a form of government headed by military chiefs. It is not the same as a military dictatorship or junta in which military power is not supported by law. A stratocracy actually provides citizen support as a constitutional enablement.

Empirical theories explore the social, economic, and political processes that have fashioned the emergence of citizenship in different times and places.

Conservatives believe that stability comes from fixed, unchanging rules, while progressives have a more progressive attitude, accepting responsibility for their own behavior and that government rules would adapt to accommodate social change over time.

In most democratic governments there are three distinct branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judiciary branch. The legislative branch usually is the main arm of the government that establishes the laws of the land. The executive branch typically ensures that all of the laws are obeyed by overseeing the operation of the government. The executive branch is also usually the “face” of the nation, especially in foreign relations. The judiciary branch ensures that all laws are acceptable or constitutional.

There are different organizational structures, and different sizes, of democracies. The Economist identifies democracies as: full democracy (examples: Norway and Canada); flawed democracy (examples: United States and France); as hybrid regime (for example Pakistan); or as authoritarian democracy (examples: Russia and China) (Economist, 2015). 

The answer is A. 

The Council of Trent, between 1545 and 1563, was organized immediately to declare a counter-reformation, reaffirming the authority of the Church.

The answer is A.

There are different organizational structures, and different sizes, of democracies. The Economist identifies democracies as: full democracy (examples: Norway and Canada); flawed democracy (examples: United States and France); as hybrid regime (for example Pakistan); or as authoritarian democracy (examples: Russia and China).

An oligarchy is a form of government by a few with a continuous base of power through privilege or through corruption. Power may be limited to political parties, individuals, or wealthy groups. The results of action from this government focus on self-preservation and retention of a base for total power.

The main function of politics is to decide how power is used and how benefits are distributed.

The study of trans-national space deserves special attention because of increases in border crossings, cultural reproduction, capital accumulation, political engagement, citizenship challenges, hyphenated identities, and the mixing of cultures in general.