Hebephrenia schizophrenia depicts the characteristics of childish talk, giggling, disconnected talk, crying jags following laughter without reason, gestures and mimics, self-talking, bad temper, showing sexual organs with no feeling of shame.

Nature vs. nurture debate is concerned with whether human development is affected by nature (genetic makeup) or nurture (environment), and with the extent to which aspects of development are affected by nature and by nurture. According to nature part of the debate, humans’ genetic background determines a kind of biological program for each human being. This is unique to a person and influence person’s individual tendency and growth potential aspect of development. In contrast with the nature part, nurture part of the debate emphasizes the importance environmental experiences and influences on human development. From this perspective, human beings are born with ‘tabula rasa’ (a blank state) and gain developmental aspects through exposure to environment across years.

The cases such as buying lottery tickets, fishing, and slot machines at a gambling casino are example cases that are available for variable ratio type of schedule.

Dissociative amnesia is a kind of dissociative disorder and it refers to the sudden loss of important personal information due to stressful and traumatic incidents although the capacity to learn new information is not deteriorated.

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with oneself. People with narcissistic personality disorder believe they are superior or special.

The social sciences include sub-branches such as sociology, psychology, anthropology, ethnology, economics, and law. Physiology is classified as a physical science.

Narcissitic disorder is a kind of personality disorder. The other type of personality disorder is antisocial personality disorder.

The lifespan developmental perspective includes the lifelong component, multidimensional component, multidirectional component, multidisciplinary component, plastic component, contextual component, growth-maintenance & regulat­ion of loss, b­iology-culture-individual factors. Each of these components poi­nts to different aspects of development, and they result ­in an integrative perspect­ive. Cognitive is process that human development results from.

Neutral stimulus is a stimulus, which does not produce an unconditioned response.

Bipolar Disorder is a mood disorder that manifests itself in the form of alternating periods of depression and mania. There are changes in an individual’s mood and behavior.

During the development, an increase in one dimension or component might be associated with a decrease in another dimension. Multidirectional component can explain this.

Taste aversion occurs if a food causes sickness that food will not be consumed in future.

Middle and late childhood is the period from 6 years to 10-11 years of age. During this period, children begin to put more complex tasks into practice regarding the different aspects of development.

Unlike what is mentioned in the option D, social learning theory was developed based on cognitive approach whereas classical and operant conditioning were developed based on behaviorism.

Cognitive learning refers to a type of learning that occurs as a result of internal mental processes such as thinking, memory, attention and emotion, which are not directly observable.

Extinction occurs because a CR is diminished when UCS is withheld.

Suppression is the conscious attempt to hide or prevent unacceptable thoughts, feelings and motives. Repression, on the other hand, is a more complicated mechanism operating at the unconscious level  Projection is defined simply as projecting one’s unacceptable drives, feelings, motives, faults and flows to other people. Rationalization generally occurs when the ego experiences a feeling of guilt, due to an unacceptable drive, feeling or because of a faulty behavior and it is diiicult for the person to accept the responsibility at the conscious level. Denial is defined as ignoring the threatening, anxiety provoking thoughts, feelings, motives, or sometimes even events and realities.

Reflex is a simple, automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus.

Objective tests are standardized paper-pencil tests that provide reliable and valid information about personality.