CEVAP:

David Lake argues that HST is composed of two distinct theories: the leadership theory and the hegemony theory. Lake treats the benevolent leadership model and the coercive leadership model as two distinct forms of hierarchical relations (1993: 460). From this perspective, both theories involve some elements of benevolence and coercion. The benevolent leader bears all the costs of building an international economic infrastructure, whereas the coercive leader forces relatively weak states to share the costs and promotes the international economic infrastructure. In Lake’s words “the answer to the question of whether leadership is benevolent or coercive lies not in the distribution of benefits from the public good, but –at least- in the efficacy of international leverage” (1993: 468).