CEVAP:

Organization theory discipline, which is about modern organizations, mainly emerged in the second half of the 19th century when the industrial civilization appeared. Prior to industrial civilization, successful organizations were active, especially in governmental and military issues. However, no researches and studies about these practices were conducted and therefore no wide knowledge to be used universally was discovered. After the industrial civilization began, structures of production and consumption began changing, too. Production mechanisms shifted to fabrication methods in small size establishments. Achievement of production efficiency came as a result of cooperation. Consequently, a systematic knowledge began accumulating in the field of organization studies. If we are to separate this field into historical periods, we can shortly mention three periods: Classical management school, behavioral school, and modern management schools of thought.