CEVAP:

Steven Vertovec (1999) distinguishes six different notions of trans-nationalism:

• as a social morphology, with reference to works in the field of Diaspora Studies;

• as a type of consciousness, with reference to the works in the field of Cultural Studies;

• as a mode of cultural reproduction, with reference to works in the field of Media Studies;

• as a path for the flow of money with reference to works in the field of Political Economy;

• as a site of political engagement with reference to the works in the field of Politics;

• as a (re)construction of 'place' or locality, with reference to works in the field of Social Anthropology.