CEVAP:

The steps of the database design and data planning are summarized as can be seen below (p:49, Figure 2.8):

1. Data Planning: Develops a model of business processes. Enterprise model of business processes with documentation
2. Requirements Specification: Define information needs of end users in a business process. Description of users’ needs may be represented in natural language or using the tools of a particular design methodology.
3. Conceptual Design: Expresses all information requirements in the form of a high-level model. Conceptual Data Models often expressed as entity relationship models
4. Logical Design: Translates the conceptual models into the data model of a DBMS. Logical Data Models e.g., relational, network, hierarchical, multidimensional, or object-oriented models
5. Physical Design: Determines the data storage structures and access methods Physical Data Models Storage representations and access methods