CEVAP:

Middle-range state in the international system may be defined as “one that is neither great nor small in terms of its power, capacity, and influence; and exhibits the capability to create cohesion and obstruction toward global order and governance” (Karim, 2018: 3). The middle-range states have an important role especially within international organizations. Although such states do not individually have a leadership role in international organizations, they are able to follow an effective policy when they act collectively. In addition, the middle-range states have some individual roles in the international system in foreign-policy issues such as coalition-builder, mediator, public diplomacy promoter, perception manager, and bridge-builder.

The role and effectiveness of the middle-range powers in global governance can be evaluated by
looking at the policies of the BRICS countries, namely Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.