CEVAP:

(a) the breakup of a sovereign state caused by the secession of one faction from the rest;

(b)where a country has already been invaded and third parties face the question of counter-intervention;

(c) when the violation of human rights within a set of boundaries is so terrible that it makes talk of community or self-determination or arduous struggle seem cynical and irrelevant, that is, in cases of enslavement or massacre’ (Walzer, 1977: 90).