CEVAP:

The matrix form has significant advantages. One is tremendous flexibility to tackle new projects. Within both U-form and M-form designs, starting a new project generally requires either adding responsibility to every function or creating a new division, whereas starting a new project is a common event within matrix organizations that only requires naming a project manager and recruiting a team. Therefore, a matrix retains the flexibility of the M-form to provide customer service and respond to opportunities in the environment. Another advantage of matrix forms derives from their unique ability to maximize the value of expensive specialists. The specialists can be pooled for a wide variety of projects, some of which may be otherwise unrelated and thus likely to remain structurally unconnected in the M-form. Although the individual specialist will have to deal with issues like working on two or more unrelated projects for project managers who have little concern for the specialists’ competing responsibilities, from the perspective of the organization, the sharing out of specialized capabilities creates the significant efficiency the U-form offers relative to the M-form. This is because where the M-form would hire potentially redundant specialists for each of its divisions, the matrix can more efficiently use its specialists to their full capacity.