CEVAP:

First of all, it is argued that the class structure today is more complex than the capitalists-workers or bourgeois-proletariat distinction.

Second, the capitalist structure today can be said to be less exploitative.

Third, Marx argued that whoever controlled the means of production also controlled the economic infrastructure.

Fourth, the Marxist hypothesis of the superstructure that is determined by the economic infrastructure, controlled by the capitalists, to create false consciousness is questionable.

Fifth, in modern companies, there is less alienation as well.

Sixth, classic Marxist theory is too much deterministic.

Seventh, the socialist revolutions in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe did not lead to greater equality and freedom, as Marx would have hoped.

Lastly, it is argued that Marx’s grand theory is no longer relevant to today’s more complex world affairs.