CEVAP:

One of the first generation think tanks, which established relations with local and federal authorities, was the Chicago Civic Federation (CCF). The CCF was founded in 1894 by Jane Addams, Bertha Palmer, and Lyman Gage in order to fight corruption, to design tax policies in a more reasonable way, to provide financial reforms, and to increase the efficacy of the federal government. The organization is still working in the US. The work of the CCF inspired the formation of the National Civic Federation (NCF), a New Yorkbased conservative organization. The NCF was established in 1900 to increase the responsibilities and effectiveness of local governments. However, it was shuttered in 1949 (Cigler, 1995: 141).

In the beginning of the 1900s, significant think tanks were established for informing governments
not only about domestic politics but also about foreign policy. These include the Russel Sage Foundation established in 1907, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace established in 1910 by Andrew Carnegie, the Hoover Institution in 1919 by former US President Herbert Hoover,
the Council on Foreign Relations in 1921, the Brookings Institution established in 1927, and the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research founded in 1943.