CEVAP:

Relative Theories of Punishment: Relative theories of punishment, namely the prevention theories, focus on preventing the repetitive behaviours rather than on what has happened before.

Absolute Theories of Punishment: Absolute theories of punishment –revenge, retribution, atonement- look back to the past, to the criminal deed and aim at balancing the harm done.

Unified Theories of Punishment: Trying to unite ideas of retribution with ideas of prevention in different variants, absolute and relative theories of punishment have led to so-called unified theories of punishment.