CEVAP:

• The river valleys where small communities thrived, inspired by their geographical environment to plant the seeds of stellar civilizations. 
• The Egyptian Civilization emerged around 3100 BCE, interacting with its geographical orientations. 
• Nubia, Libya, and Kush exchanged leadership and custodial authorities over each of these civilizations. 
• Libya, during the Twelfth Dynasty, was the dominant ruler of Egypt, its authority reached as far as Palestine on the northeast and the entire Maghreb expanse of and West Africa. 
• At the time when the Twenty-fifth Nubian Dynasty was at the seat of the Egyptian throne, its trade, diplomatic, and military outreaches covered East Africa, the Middle East through the Red Sea, and conquered Palestine/Israel. The Nile Valley on the eastern part of Africa, and the western and northwestern part of Africa adjoining the Maghreb in the north related to Egypt, Nubia, Ethiopia and Arabia and southern Europe in trade exchanges and regional conflagrations. 
• Other African civilizations such as the Ghanaian, the Mali and the Songhai empires, in their varying eras, exhibit linguistic, cultural, life styles, family structures, age-transition rituals, and community hierarchies like the Egyptian civilization. 
• The rise of Islam provided another uniting foundation of belief, but it was interrupted before it could take on the firm foundations of Islamic civilization with an African character. 
• West Africa, from ancient times to today, possesses massive natural riches in the form of gold, diamonds, ivory, animal skins, grains, incense, palm oil, dates, and hard wood. During the Fourth Dynasty, West Africa and Egypt had trade relations.