CEVAP:

With the beginning of “modernity”, many economic, scientific and political improvements were realized in the Western countries which strengthened them considerably in many aspects. This also affected their military power and war technologies they used in the battle field. Successive defeats in the battlefield alarmed the Ottomans to take precautions against the deficiencies of the state which was in a period of
“stagnation”. In other words, the Ottoman elites had to search for “reforms” which would enable the state to regain its strength.