CEVAP:

In the sixth century, Byzantine Emperor Justinian united the empire after conquering much of Italy, North Africa and Spain. In the seventh and eighth centuries, a new system of military government was developed. This newly created system combined civil and military administration and was first implemented in Italy and North Africa. The overhaul and reforms, beginning with Italy and Africa, were meant to create a powerful system of military administration. The two areas, Italy and Africa, were placed under the control of a commander who was also the civil governor. Such figures were called (borrowing from the ancient Greek) exarchs, and the provinces under them were called exarchates.