CEVAP:

During the 1960s and 1970s, the theory of labeling became very popular. Important theorists of labeling include Edwin M. Lemert, Howard Becker from North America and Albert Cohen from Britain.

According to the theory of labeling, deviance is based on the reaction of people to this behavior, rather than what the person does. If people respond to primary deviance by stigmatization, a secondary deviance or a deviance career emerges (Macionis, 2013: 222-223).