CEVAP:

In the Policraticus, John of Salisbury argues that what nature provides as foundation for human capabilities are only potentialities. “The beginning of each thing is from nature”, says John of salisbury, but people may (and should) develop their natural capacities by means of practice until they master their art, a principle that “obtains in liberal and mechanical occupations” alike. While nature offers a model for human conduct and association, the natural scheme for living well may only be realised via the cooperation of people who partake in it. In short, John of Salisbury is aware of the difference between potentiality and actuality, and pushes forward voluntariness as the precondition for a potential provided by nature to become actual, as regards the social issues.