CEVAP:

When Ibn Khaldûn took ‘umrân together with aspects like ‘human civilization’ and ‘social organization’, he equipped this concept with a specifical and technical meaning, and, used it in a way to refer to basic events arising from human beings’ lives and organization as societies, but more than that, to institutions. In The Muqaddimah, ‘umrân bears the following meanings: 1. To settle down/live at a given place, 2. Visiting a location, 3. Building up a construction (‘imar’), 4. To be settled with, as humans and animals with regard to the place itself, to be frequently visited, be held in good condition, 5. To take care
of a given place, cultivate. This last one enables us to interpret ‘umrân with regard to progress as well. For Ibn Khaldûn, using ‘umrân within this context also paves the way to justify that development and progress in civilizations is good. However, Ibn Khaldûn did not conceive of progress in connection with a single aspect; rather, he argued that progress should be supplied with aspects like morals, state, society,
population and should be sustainable.