CEVAP:

In the early 2000s, a new concept began to emerge in conjunction with the necessities of the new international conditions occurred after the end of the Cold War. The new norm, the responsibility to protect (R2P) actually was developed to overcome the failures that humanitarian intervention faced in the 1990s. In 2001 The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) released “The Responsibility to Protect” report, commissioned by the Canadian government, to develop global political consensus about how and when the international community should respond to emerging crises involving the potential for large-scale loss of life and other widespread crimes against humanity. The report was adopted, with some changes by the UN General Assembly in 2005 at the World Summit. It stipulates that states have a responsibility to protect their populations from crimes against humanity; the international community has a responsibility to use peaceful means to protect threatened populations; and when a state “manifestly fails” to uphold its responsibilities, coercive measures should be collectively taken (Council on Foreign Relations, 2017). The first case the Security Council authorized a military intervention citing R2P was the Libya intervention of 2011.