CEVAP:

After the Bolsheviks’ seize of power there was an armed conflict between the Bolsheviks and several rival groups. The war effort against Germany collapsed, and the new Soviet government was forced to accept the terms of the humiliating Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. When the “Reds” fought against several “White” armies, the country had to face three years of civil war which was accompanied by foreign intervention by several outside powers, including American, French, and British troops in the northern and the western parts of Russia. In the end, the Bolsheviks managed to hold power with determination and established a one-party dictatorship.