CEVAP:

When we quickly look through the history of thought in the Islamic world after the death of Averroës (1198), we see that the Islamic civilization, in terms of flourishing philosophical thought and/or originality/ productivity, has started to vanish. This applies to the time period of Ibn Khaldûn’s lifetime as well, as regards Andalus and North Africa, along with the political and civil life. De Boer argues that, this vanishing is due to the fact that philosophy had gradually been swept aside and left as a study which had no influence in culture and in other affairs in life long before the battles lost against the Christians in Andalus (ibid). Consequently, continues De Boer, both the material existence-i.e. the sovereignty, and cultural aspects of the Islamic civilization were in decline; and, during Ibn Khaldûn’s early childhood and youth, the Islamic civilization in the West suffered a severe instability. According to Marshal Hodgson, it is possible to talk about a period of collapse in the Islamic societies after the Mongolian conquests in 1259, under the circumstances of very little renovation or progress in culture.