CEVAP:

• Normative theories are claimed to be utopist and idealist and empirical theories too, so they are condemned to be over factual for consideration of being scientific.

• Kantian, utilitarian and social contract insights are approaches that rest on universality of values. However, according to Hobbes, good or bad are relative concepts and consequently there is no absolute good and absolute bad. There are no sensible and objective criteria to divide the good and bad; in contrast, it depends subjectively to the individuals themselves.