CEVAP:

Increasing flows of international migration from undeveloped countries to some Western countries after World War II led to the creation of a new type of membership. The migrations forced the existing populations to think differently about ethno-cultural and religious identities in a way that changed how immigrants would be treated by the majority societies. The growing number of international migrants challenged the accepted understanding of national citizenship. These new migrants had a sense of belonging to at least two nation-states; where they came from and where they were now. A new type of membership in those countries has emerged as a replacement of the traditional citizenship theory.