Region refers to a defined and clear area in one geographic space where boundries are lined; with reference to Frost. 

The types of ‘regions’ are referred to as micro-regions and they can exist
within a special state or be cross-border naturally. The concept of region also shows macro-regions (regions of the world), which are larger territorial (in contrast to non-territorial) units or sub-systems, between the state and the level of global system. Finally, there are meso-regions: mid-range state or non-state arrangements and processes between the two levels

Regionalism which can be defined as a theory or practice of being regional rather than being central in the level of system, administration or economic, cultural, or political affiliation is a prominent trend in the field of regional or systemic studies.

It should be reminded that federalism and regionalism are fundamentally in tertwined in both theory andpractice

Achievement of economies of scale and equitable benefits that cannot be achieved nationally.

Legally binding arrangements, including commitment to national resource allocation; each country commits to amending their internal laws / requirements to meet the shared regional objectives

Entering into specific regional or subregional commitments to common policies,
regulations, standards and/or processes.

According to Nishikimi, economic integration constitutes two different forces on industrial ocation: dispersion and agglomeration forces.

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology

It can be stated European Union (EU), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) as the most influential ones

The European Union was founded in 1957 and its main functions are Identity,
Cooperation, Development, and Economy.

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) was founded in 1947 and its main function is security.

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), European Union (EU), Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), African Union (AU), Arab League / League of Arab States (AL), The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are the regional security organizations.

The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), as a political regional organization, is the second largest inter-governmental organization
after the United Nations with its membership of 57 states that spread over four continents.

The Council of Europe was founded to defend human rights, parliamentary democracy, and the rule of law, develop continent-wide agreements to standardise the social and legal practices of member countries, and promote awareness of a European identity that is based on shared values and cutting across different cultures

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect in 1994, creating one of the world’s largest free trade zones and laying the foundations for strong economic growth and rising prosperity for the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

The Arab League (AL) or League of Arab States (LAS) is, as a regional security organization, an intergovernmental organization and a voluntary and independent association consisted of some African and Middle East countries whose peoples are mainly Arabic speaking.

The founder objectives of the Arab League were to strengthen links
among the AL’s Member States, to coordinate their policies under AL, and to promote the common interests of the member countries

The main objectives of the OAU were to rid the continent of the remaining vestiges of “colonization” and “apartheid”, to promote “unity” and “solidarity” among the African States, to coordinate and intensify cooperation for
development, and to safeguard the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the AU’s Member States, promoting international cooperation within the
framework of the UN.

At the present times, there are 55 Member States in the African Union.