Management is the “act of getting people work together to achieve organizational goals through effective and efficient use of resources”.

All organizations utilize four main resources. These resources are human, financial, physical, and information. 

Information refers to usable data needed to make effective managerial decisions.

Effectiveness is about making the right decisions and it also involves successful execution of these decisions.

Efficiency refers to not wasting resources when achieving organizational goals.

Planning, organizing, leading/directing and controlling.

Basic tasks of planning are to establish organizational goals and determining necessary steps to achieve intended goals.

The organizing function involves determining tasks and jobs, finding and hiring the best possible people
to perform these tasks and jobs, defining the hierarchical relations within the organization, establishing the line of command, and finally coordinating the efforts of the employees. 

Efficient leaders are those who seize oppurtunities in turbulent times.

Concurrent control identifies and prevents problems as they occur.

Firstly, organizations need their managerial skills and abilities more than ever in these unstable and complex times.

Second,managers are important for getting things done.

Finally, managers do matter to organizations.

Organizational resources can be classified into four groups:

1.human resources

2.monetary resources

3.raw materials 

4.capital resources

Managerial efficiency is the manager’s ability to manage the business with optimal utilization of organizational resources.

Common approaches classify managers in two categories as vertical classification and lateral classification.

 There are three main hierarchical levels of management: top management; middle management; and first-line management.

Functional managers are responsible for supervising the employees and departments engaged in specific activities.

Mintzberg’s typology of managerial roles has three major categories: interpersonal, informational, and decisional.

Interpersonal roles refer to interpersonal relations and behaviors necessary for effectively managing the organization.

There are three informational roles: the monitor role, the disseminator role, and the spokesperson role.

A skill is an ability either to perform some specific behavioral task or the ability to perform some specific cognitive process that is functionally related to some particular task.

Human skills are a manager’s ability to communicate with other people.

1.Top management

2.Middle management

3.First_line management

It includes conceptual skills,human skills,technical skills.

Technical skills identify manager’s ability to use necessary knowledge, methods, techniques, and equipment to perform certain tasks.

Globalization is the reduction of most barriers– physical and non-physical–between nations.

The main effects of the Internet on businesses can be mentioned as follows:

• Fast access to quality information – anytime
and anywhere.
• The Internet became an integral part of almost
all business functions.

• Effective development of new products and
services.

Social responsibility refers to the belief that businesses have a responsibility to conduct their affairs ethically to benefit both employees and the larger society.