ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY AND DESIGN (ÖRGÜT KURAMI VE TASARIMI) - (İNGİLİZCE) Dersi Innovation and Change soru cevapları:
Toplam 20 Soru & Cevap#1
SORU:
What is innovation?
CEVAP: Innovation can be defined as “the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process...or a new organizational method”.
Innovation can be defined as “the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process...or a new organizational method”.
#2
SORU:
What are the types of innovation?
CEVAP: There are three types of innovation: process innovation, product innovation, and organizational innovation.
There are three types of innovation: process innovation, product innovation, and organizational innovation.
#3
SORU:
What are the dimensions that characterize product innovation?
CEVAP: The degree to which it involves a change in technical competencies and the degree to which it involves a change in business model.
The degree to which it involves a change in technical competencies and the degree to which it involves a change in business model.
#4
SORU:
What does product innovation refer to?
CEVAP: Product innovation refers to the new or recombined knowledge incarnated in a new product.
Product innovation refers to the new or recombined knowledge incarnated in a new product.
#5
SORU:
What is routine (incremental) innovation based on?
CEVAP: Routine (incremental) innovation is based on having the existing business model, exploiting the existing knowledge base and small improvements of existing products.
Routine (incremental) innovation is based on having the existing business model, exploiting the existing knowledge base and small improvements of existing products.
#6
SORU:
What are the stages of innovation?
CEVAP: Innovation process has three stages: invention, development, and implementation.
Innovation process has three stages: invention, development, and implementation.
#7
SORU:
At what stage of innovation does the elaboration of the idea take place?
CEVAP: The elaboration of the idea takes place at the development stage.
The elaboration of the idea takes place at the development stage.
#8
SORU:
What does implementation stage of innovation mean?
CEVAP: Implementation means the widespread acceptance of the innovation. The central mechanism of implementation is exploitation, which contains such things as refinement, choice, production, efficiency, selection, and execution.
Implementation means the widespread acceptance of the innovation. The central mechanism of implementation is exploitation, which contains such things as refinement, choice, production, efficiency, selection, and execution.
#9
SORU:
What does structural change mean?
CEVAP: Structural change means any change in the patterned or regularized aspects of the relationships among participants in the organization.
Structural change means any change in the patterned or regularized aspects of the relationships among participants in the organization.
#10
SORU:
What does structural change refer to?
CEVAP: Structural change refers to any change in the patterned or regularized aspects of the relationships among participants in the organization.
Structural change refers to any change in the patterned or regularized aspects of the relationships among participants in the organization.
#11
SORU:
What does technological change mean?
CEVAP: Technological change means changing the hardware (equipment, machines, and instruments) used in performing work and skills and knowledge of employees.
Technological change means changing the hardware (equipment, machines, and instruments) used in performing work and skills and knowledge of employees.
#12
SORU:
What do technological changes include nowadays?
CEVAP: Nowadays, technological changes usually include the introduction of new equipment or methods such as using 3-D printing, automation, and computerization.
Nowadays, technological changes usually include the introduction of new equipment or methods such as using 3-D printing, automation, and computerization.
#13
SORU:
In what ways does cultural change evolve?
CEVAP: There are nine different ways in which culture evolves:
1. The general evolution in which the organization naturally adapts to its environment
2. The specific evolution of teams or sub- groups within the organization to their different environments
3. The guided evolution resulting from cultural ‘insights’ on the part of managers;
4. The systematic promotion of insiders (employees) and subcultures whose own assumptions are better adapted to the new external realities.
5. Systematically bringing outsiders into jobs below the top management level and allowing them gradually to educate and reshape top management’s thinking
6. Scandals, disasters, and the explosion of myths
7. The more rapid transformation of parts of the culture to permit the organization to become adaptive again
8. Mergers and acquisitions
9. Removing the critical culture carriers such as the top one or two echelons of the organization, reorganizing functions, bringing in new technologies, and in other ways forcing real transfomation.
There are nine different ways in which culture evolves:
1. The general evolution in which the organization naturally adapts to its environment
2. The specific evolution of teams or sub- groups within the organization to their different environments
3. The guided evolution resulting from cultural ‘insights’ on the part of managers;
4. The systematic promotion of insiders (employees) and subcultures whose own assumptions are better adapted to the new external realities.
5. Systematically bringing outsiders into jobs below the top management level and allowing them gradually to educate and reshape top management’s thinking
6. Scandals, disasters, and the explosion of myths
7. The more rapid transformation of parts of the culture to permit the organization to become adaptive again
8. Mergers and acquisitions
9. Removing the critical culture carriers such as the top one or two echelons of the organization, reorganizing functions, bringing in new technologies, and in other ways forcing real transfomation.
#14
SORU:
What does prescribed change include?
CEVAP: Prescribed change includes a non-arbitrary sequence of stages and activities over time, and it is gradual and incremental.
Prescribed change includes a non-arbitrary sequence of stages and activities over time, and it is gradual and incremental.
#15
SORU:
What is the difference between top-down change and bottom-up change?
CEVAP: Top-down change is implemented by managers at a high level in the company, while bottom-up change is implemented by employees at low levels in the company and gradually rises until it is felt throughout the organization.
Top-down change is implemented by managers at a high level in the company, while bottom-up change is implemented by employees at low levels in the company and gradually rises until it is felt throughout the organization.
#16
SORU:
What is the final step in the change process?
CEVAP: The final step in the change process is to evaluate how successful the change effort has been. Using measures such as changes in market share, in profits, or the ability of scientists to innovate new drugs, managers compare how well an organization is performing after the change with how well it was performing before.
The final step in the change process is to evaluate how successful the change effort has been. Using measures such as changes in market share, in profits, or the ability of scientists to innovate new drugs, managers compare how well an organization is performing after the change with how well it was performing before.
#17
SORU:
What are the steps of change management?
CEVAP: The steps of change management are assessing the need for change, deciding on the change to make, implementing the change, and evaluating the change.
The steps of change management are assessing the need for change, deciding on the change to make, implementing the change, and evaluating the change.
#18
SORU:
What are the types of organizational change?
CEVAP: There are two types of organizational change: prescribed change and planned change.
There are two types of organizational change: prescribed change and planned change.
#19
SORU: Why does a company periodically needs to change its structure?
Why does a company periodically needs to change its structure?
CEVAP: A company periodically needs to change its structure disregarding the external environment because the structural change gets people to start forming new networks, it disrupts the routines that dampen innovation and adaptability, and it disrupts harmful power structures.
A company periodically needs to change its structure disregarding the external environment because the structural change gets people to start forming new networks, it disrupts the routines that dampen innovation and adaptability, and it disrupts harmful power structures.
#20
SORU:
What does strategic change include?
CEVAP: Strategic change includes alterations in a company’s corporate, business-level, and/or functional strategies.
Strategic change includes alterations in a company’s corporate, business-level, and/or functional strategies.