The main purpose of the conferences was to establish permanent agencies and institutions among the American states. Firstly, Pan American Sanitary Organiza-tion was founded. The influence of the Monroe Doctrine continued until the1930s on US’ Latin America policies. During his presidency, Franklin D. Roosevelt initiated the “Good Neighbor Policy” for Latin America. The “1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of State” was signed as an effect of this policy.

United States no longer wanted to send its military forces to fight or its battle-ships to threaten governments in order to keep its influence on Latin Americans. Instead, the United States tried humanitarian programs in education, health, and agriculture; cultural exchanges between citizens and students; and it rewarded local politicians who followed U.S. advice. Besides US military trained Latin American armies.

After the end of the Second World War, representatives of 20 American states came together in Chapultepec, Mexico, to determine the future of inter-state relations of American Republics.

The most important organs of OAS are General Assembly, Advisory Board, Permanent Council, Inter-American Council for Integral Development, Legal Committee, Human Rights Commission and General Secretariat.

The General Assembly is the supreme organ of the OAS. Each member state is represented in the General Assembly. General Assembly is the democratic body of the OAS. It convenes annually to debate current issues, approve the organiza-tion’s budget, and determine policies to govern the other OAS organs and units. Its functions are stated in the OAS Charter’s IX. section (article 54). Hereunder;

This organ has two main functions. Firstly, in accordance with the Charter, this organ is to act as a consultation unit. This is a more specific function. The  Meeting of Consultation can be assembled to examine measures in case of an armed attack, aggression other than an armed attack, conflict outside or inside the Hemisphere, or “any other fact or situation that might threaten the peace of America.” The other function is more general: to consider problems of an urgent nature and of common interest to the American States (Berenson, 2001:14). 

The OAS deals with democracy, economic and humanitarian development, human rights and security issues. General Assembly accepted “Strategic Vision of the OAS,” in 2014, which reiterates that the four core pillars of the organiza-tion’s mission are;
- strengthening democracy;
- promoting and protecting human rights;
- advancing integral development; and
- empowering and encouraging multidimensional security (OAS, 2014)

The Inter American Defence College (IADC) is an international educational institution operating as an element of the OAS through the Inter-American Defense Board. It provides a professionally oriented, multidisciplinary, graduate-level course of study.

The Union of South American Nations was established on 8 December 2004 with the Cusco Declaration (Peru) signed by Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela in order to develop regional integration efforts in South America under a single roof.

UNSAUR, a multi-purpose organization, aims to improve the integration process about cultural, social, economic and political spheres among its members.

The Council of Heads of State and Government is the supreme body of UNASUR. It sets up the main policies, action plans, programs and projects for the South American integration process. The Heads of State and Government meet once a year. President Pro tempore and member states may be required to arrange extraordinary meetings or sessions.

COSUCTI’s main objective is to promote and to strengthen cooperation in the fields of science, technology, and innovation.

The African Union is an international intergovernmental organization that unites
55 African states and it is the successor of the Organization of African Unity.

Article 3 of the Constitutive Act lists the main purposes of the AU: You will see some of them here.

a. To achieve greater unity and solidarity between the African countries and the
peoples of Africa;
b. To defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and independence of its Member States;
c. To accelerate the political and socioeconomic integration of the continent;

The chairperson of the assembly is elected by the member states for one-year. The election system based on consultation.

The ECOSOCC functions as an advisory body of the Union. The council consists of representatives from member countries, who are experts in various fields. Its realm of authority and organizational structure are determined by the Assembly (AU, 2018e).

One of the objectives of the African Union is to “promote peace, security, and stability of the continent”. In this context, main principle is the “peaceful resolution of conflicts among the Member States of the Union through the
appropriate means decided by the Assembly”.

The main functions of Commision are the protection and the promotion of human and peoples’ rights and the interpretation of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights.

Inter alia, in 1996 the “Shanghai Five” was formed by Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. The subsequent annual summits of the participants of the “Shanghai Five” were held in Moscow in 1997, Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan) in 1998, in Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) in 1999 and in Dushanbe (Tajikistan) in 2000.

AU’s the most important problem seems to be democratization. The organization is also referred to as the dictator’s club. The fact that Rober Mugabe was the president of the AU in 2016 reduced the international reputation of the organization.