Since Aysun lives in Germany, she doesn't belong to the target population although she is Turkish.

Fisher's index = (Laspeyres' index . Paashe's index)^1/2 ; for this case : Laspeyres' inden . Paashe's index = Fisher's index ; x = ((6 . 24) / (4 . 50)) . 100 = (144 / 200) . 100 = 72 . pg. 149. Correct answer is D.

x = max = I : 11.650 . pg. 190 . Correct answer is A.

x = (45 / 72) . 100 = 62.5

The correct payoff matrix which show different duration of going to work under different weather conditions and  with different alternatives of vehicles is shown in A.

The Wilcoxon signed rank test, involves the usage of the sign and the magnitude of the rank of the differences between pairs of measurements, and it is a non-parametric alternative to the paired t test when the population distribution of the differences is not normally distributed. In this problem, the results are tied to each other, for example there is an effect, and outcomes of a variable are collected before the effect and after the effect on some observations. For example, a group of patients’ blood pressure can be measured before and after a medicine is taken. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test does not require the normality assumption that we usually see on a parametric test. Steps of the Method In this test, the alternative hypotheses are constructed in three different ways. The hypotheses are shown as follows. H0 :The distribution of differences is symmetrical around MD = 0 H1a :The differences tend to be larger than MD = 0 H1b :The differences tend to be smaller than MD = 0 H1c :The differences tend to be larger than MD = 0 or smaller than MD = 0. The correct answer is D.

maxA1=max(7,10,8)=10

maxA2=max(9,7,12)=12

maxA3=max(14,13,11)=14*

maxA4=max(9,8,6)=9

maxA5=max(7,4,5)=7

Thus A3 gives the maximum of maximum possible payoffs.

Using the equation given

0.40*sqrt((25-2)/(1-0.40^2)) = 2.093

You may have noticed that the outcomes of some variables are restricted to two outcomes such as male-female, clean-dirty, and broken-not broken etc. If you carefully study the environment we live in, you may see that sometimes populations consist of only two categories/classes or two subpopulations. For example, as we said before, such classes are male and female, dead and alive, married and not married. The population proportions of two categories/classes are denoted by, in general, P and Q. If we know the proportion P for one class, the proportion of Q for the other class must be equal to 1 – P. Because the total probability must be equal to 1 and there are only two possible outcomes. The correct answer is A. 

There is a specific distribution called binomial distribution. The Binomial distribution is used when a probability of obtaining an outcome, out of two outcomes, on one trial is known and a probability of the number of times the same outcome might appear, say x times out of n independent trials is tried to be found. Mainly the binomial distribution is the sampling distribution of the proportions estimated from sample data. The binomial test tells us whether it is reasonable to conclude that the proportions we obtain from our sample could have been drawn from a population with a particular value of P. The correct answer is A.

It is the number of positive signs for (x-Median) differences therefore the answer is 6.

x = (8 / 4) . 100 = 200

Using the formula 

The  Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the amount of time spent for exam and the student’s mark of the exam is 0.905.  It is a positive linear relationship and it's very close to 1. Therefore, we can say there is strong positive relationship between the two variables. The correct answer is D. 

In this problem, the classes can be written as winter, spring, summer, and fall. The expected frequencies can be calculated using Uniform distribution. Remember that when the data follows uniform distribution, all the outcome will equally likely. Therefore, all the outcomes on this problem, based on uniform distribution, have a probability of 0.25 since there are four seasons. The expected frequencies can be calculated by multiplying the sample size n with expected probabilities. Hence, the probability for each class is 200 x 0.25 = 50. The correct answer is E.

x = min = 27. If the payoff table is based on profits, first for each decision alternative, the minimum payoff value of each decision alternative is listed then among these payoff values the decision alternative producing the maximum is chosen as the best decision alternative. pg. 190. Correct answer is E.

The one-way analysis of variance has some assumptions such as independent samples, normality, and equal variances. When the conditions of normality and equal variances are not valid, Kruskal-Wallis is a non-parametric alternative test that involves less conditions. The Kruskal-Wallis test is used to decide whether k independent samples are drawn from different populations. It is an extension of the Wilcoxon sum rank test to a comparison of more than two populations. The Kruskal-Wallis test assumes that the variable under consideration is measured on at least ordinal scale. The correct answer is B.