James N. Rosenau identified three kinds of linkages. Reactive linkages are observed when an event in one society leads to an impromptu reaction in another. Here governments play no role. This might be exemplified by the reactions that Turkish society shows to the events between the Palestinians, especially in the Gaza Strip, and Israel. Emulative linkages happen when a development in one society is imitated by another. The events of the so-called Arab Spring that started in Tunis in 2010 quickly spreading to Libya, Egypt, and Syria are a case in point. Finally, James N. Rosenau points out to penetrative linkages. What he means here is deliberate attempts of elements of one society to influence and, at times, manipulate the other. Such attempts usually involve soft power and utilize means like public diplomacy, but might also include lobbying and propaganda activities. Some of the moves aimed at penetrative linkages are usually perceived by more nationalistic elements in the receiving society as hostile acts targeted towards manipulating and organizing the society and politics. The increasingly globalized nature of international relations creates an environment where there are myriad linkages across societies.

As also understood from the information given, the correct matching of the linkages with the definitions, identified by James N. Rosenau is in the option B, so the correct answer is B.