Initially, at the Congress of Vienna, the fundamentals of peace were determined by agreement among the four major powers, be it the Holy or Quadruple Alliance. These were Austria, Britain, Russia, and Prussia. In 1818, France was also granted a great power status and accepted into the European Concert. Monarchism, anti-nationalism, and antiliberalism were the main fundamentals of the post-Vienna peace. The major powers agreed to reconcile matters among themselves rather than take individual action. Diplomacy was always to take precedence over the use of force, a last resort.