When the UN’s embargo on Iraqi oil did not persuade Hussein to withdraw from Kuwait, US President George Bush announced Operation Desert Shield on August 7, 1990, arguing that the US imported half of the oil it consumed from the region and that the invasion of Kuwait was a “major threat to its economic independence,” (Bush, 1990). Operation Desert Shield, which necessitated a US troop build up in Saudi Arabia and the creation of an international coalition, was the first phase of the war that would eventually drive the Iraqi army out of Kuwait. e second phase of the war, Operation Desert Storm, started on January 16, 1991 when US-led international coalition, following a UN resolution, decided to enforce UN sanctions by military force, beginning with airstrikes against Iraq. These were coupled with a ground force in the final phase of operations. The correct answer is Choice C.