The correct answer is D.All the European states that had taken part in the Napoleonic Wars replied positively to the invitation. The Congress convened in November 1814 in Vienna. Nevertheless, the decision-making process was carried out by the four major powers that were the signatories of the Treaty of Chaumont. They were namely England, Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Throughout the Congress of Vienna, these powers singlehandedly drew the new European map, dissolved Napoleonic states, restored the old monarchies that Napoleon dismissed and made extensive border changes through annexations (Mowat, 1922: 7-8). A brief period in which Napoleon came to power in France once again caused some nuisance. However, this short reign did not upset the functioning of the Congress, and the decisive defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo sealed his fate.