International Organizations (IOs) mainly provide a common platform for members to meet, deliberate, find solutions to their common problems, resolve their disputes, and widen their collaboration.

These are: articulation and aggregation, norm-setting, recruitment, socialization, rulemaking, rule application, rule adjudication, information, and operation.

The first main function of IOs is articulation and aggregation. This refers to the ability of IOs to bring together unions or organizations that focus on similar issues.

The second significant function of IOs is norm-setting. International organizations greatly contribute to the creation of new norms. They also encourage states to involve in norm-setting processes. Throughout the 20th century, IOs played key roles in the development of new international norms especially on human rights, slavery, global economy, and environment.

The third function of IOs is recruitment. This refers to their organizational capacity to allow new members to become a member of the international community with full rights.

The fourth main function of IOs is socialization. In general, socialization can be considered as a learning process of states about values. INGOs can enable people who share the same beliefs to get socialized at the international level.

Other three significant functions of IOs are rule-making, rule application, and rule adjudication. Although these kind of functions are more associated with states, IOs also fulfil such roles in the international system. These functions of IOs are particularly important because the absence of a central authority makes it difficult to produce common rules in international politics.

Another main function of international organizations is concerned with information and operation. IOs provide mechanisms for the exchange of information among states. Through new information technologies and regular meetings, they help different actors discuss common problems, and as such they not onlyfoster information but also decrease the transaction costs. IOs also fulfil operational roles especially in the international banking system and aid mechanisms for the developing countries. As they are established mostly in issue-specific areas, NGOs provide expertise and technical assistance thanks to their organizational structure.

As is also understood from the information given, the correct answer is E. “Articulation and Aggregation”, “Norm-setting”, “Recruitment” and “Socialization” are among the functions of international organizations. The other functions of international organizations which do not take place in the options are “Rule Application” and “Rule Adjudication”.