International Politics Deneme Sınavı Sorusu #974098
Considering forms of regionalism, collaboration, which is a regional collective action, requires _______ to modes of regional cooperation.
Voluntary agreements |
Voluntary consultations |
legally binding arrangements |
commitment to national resource allocation |
regionally mandated requirements |
Table 3.1 Forms of Regionalism
Regional Collective Action | To Achieve: | By: | Requiring: |
Coordination | Open consultation and access to information; and coordinated application of shared, best-practice norms and standards. | Establishing and managing agreed processes that facilitate regional dialogue and access to (and use of) information. | Voluntary consultations and agreements; possible resource sharing. |
Cooperation | An effective and strengthened voice in protecting and sustainably harnessing the region’s physical, social and cultural assets for the benefit of all. | Developing and committing to coordinated regional or sub-regional policies and strategies. | Voluntary agreement to modes of regional cooperation; services are mainly funded and delivered nationally. |
Collaboration | Achievement of economies of scale and equitable benefits that cannot be achieved nationally. | Delivering regional public goods and pooled services. | Voluntary agreement to modes of regional collaboration; national governments are freed from daily management of these priorities. |
Harmonisation | Achievement of shared institutional and/or legal objectives. | Entering into specific regional or sub-regional commitments to common policies, regulations, standards and/or processes. | Legally binding arrangements, including commitment to national resource allocation; each country free to amend their internal laws/ requirements to meet the shared regional objectives. |
Economic Integration | Greater economic prosperity founded on regional economic integration and sustainability and the equitable distribution of benefits and costs. | Lowering physical and technical market barriers to enable freer movement of people and goods within and among countries. | Legally binding arrangements, including commitment to national resource allocation; each country commits to amending their internal laws / requirements to meet the shared regional objectives. |
Administrative / Legal / Institutional Integration | A secure and well governed Pacific region pledged to upholding regional values. | Agreeing to common rules, standards and institutions to foster and sustain integration. | Legally binding arrangements, including commitment to national resource allocation and to operating within regionally mandated requirements. |
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