PHASES

START TIME

CENTRAL NODES

DYNAMICS

Eurasian Globalization

3000 BCE

Eurasia

Agricultural and urban revolutions, migrations, trade, ancient empires

Afro-Eurasian

1000 BCE

Greco-Roman world,

West Asia, East Africa

Commercial revolution

Oriental globalization 1

500 CE

Middle East

Emergence of a world economy, caravan trade

Oriental globalization 2

1100

East and South Asia and

multicentric

Productivity, technology urbanization; Silk Routes

Multicentric

1500

Atlantic expansion

Triangular trade, Americas

Euro-Atlantic

1800

Euro-Atlantic economy

Industrialization, colonial division of labour

20th Century globalization

1950

US, Europe, Japan:

Trilateral globalization

Multinational corporations, (end of ) Cold War, global value chains

21st Century globalization

2000

East Asia, BRICS, emerging societies, petro-economies

New geography of trade, global rebalancing