-The main unit of analysis in the discipline of IR is the nation state which first emerged in Europe during the 17th century and was disseminated to the other parts of the world as a role model since then. IR has emerged as a discipline in social sciences mainly in the early 20th century.

-The mainstream IR theories, namely Liberalism and Realism, have regarded the religion as a private issue that should be dealt at the individual level. 

- IR itself is based on “areligous” assumptions and (the issue of) ethics might not be relevant to it (Laustsen, Wæver, 2003, p. 170).