Structural motivators /Push factors

Repression, corruption, unemployment, inequality,

discrimination, a history of hostility between identity groups, external state interventions in the affairs of other nations

Individual incentives/Pull factors

Sense of purpose, adventure, belonging, need for acceptance, status, material enticements, fear of repercussions from violent groups, expected rewards in the afterlife.

Enabling factors

Extremist mentors (extremist religious figures, right or left-wing charismatic leaders), access to extremist online communities, social networks with VE associations, access to weaponry or other relevant items, lack of state influence, an absence of family support