Because of the broad swath of the subjects, there is an equally broad group of theories or models through which one can view them: there are theories regarding:

• The arms race
• International development and political economies
• Trade and markets
• Conflict management
• Peace studies
• Nationalism
• Feminism
• Political culture
• International cooperation
• Civilizational theories
• International law
• International organizations

As also understood from the list given, the correct answer is E. All of the fields in the options are among the fields which there are theories or models in International Relations regarding. Nearly every theory of International Relations pays service to the explanatory capabilities of history. It is in history one can locate many of the characteristics that International Relations addresses even today. Some of the earliest thinkers in international relations lived in BCE times, such as Thucydides, Plato, Aristotle, and others. Each era, century and decade offers some signs, traits or other markers that international theorists either have considered or still consider—or after such consideration, set aside.