Deviance is closely related to the social structure and culture from which it emerges as a social phenomenon. The social bases of deviance could be as follows: Deviance varies depending on cultural norms; no thought or behaviour is deviant by itself, but they become deviant in terms of their relation to certain norms; people become deviant because the others qualify them as such; the definition of norms and violations of rules by societies involves social power. The correct answer is D.