The optimistic view of functionalism on family has come under strong criticism. Some of the main critical views on family are of Edmund Leach and R.D. Laing. Anthropologist Edmund R. Leach is one of the students of Malinowski. Leach addresses family in industrial societies from a pessimistic point of view. Leach shows that in small-scale pre-industrial societies, the family is a part of a wider kinship network and this network provides people more support than the nuclear family. On the other hand, nuclear family in industrial societies is isolated from the wider kinship network and people lack their kin’s individual and continuous moral support. In the isolated nuclear family, members expect and demand too much from each other but cannot meet the expectations of other members. For Leach, the result of this increased stress between the spouses and the stress between the parents and the children is conflict. The correct answer is B.