American Sociologists Rodney Stark and Willams S. Bainbridge’s explanation on religion consists of a number of insights into religious organizations, institutions and religious change (Rational Choice Theory). Unlike Durkheim, Stark and Bainbridge see religion as meeting the needs of individuals rather than those of society as a whole. Unlike Marx, they see religion as meeting universal human needs rather than those which stem from class inequality and exploitation. Furthermore, they reject the view, shared by classic sociologists of religion that the development of industrial capitalist societies would undermine religion. Directly influenced by Homans’ exchange theory, Stark and Bainbridge construct a deductive theory of religion. It can be said that the approach developed by Stark and Bainbridge used the exchange theory to explain religious behaviour of individuals as based on the principle that all human interactions can be treated as a form of exchange. They rely on the basic principle of exchange theory that humans seek what they perceive to be rewards and try to avoid what they perceive to be costs. The correct answer is E.