The first autonomous civilization was the Mesopotamian Civilization (including Sumerian), which emerged in the valley of Euphrates-Tigris rivers in the Middle East, about 4,000 BCE. In the Far-East, the first autonomous civilizations rose inland: Indus (Harrapan) about 2,500 BCE, and Sinic about 2,000 BCE. In Africa, the initial civilization was the Beriberi-Carthaginian Civilization around 600 BCE. In South America, early autonomous civilizations included the Andean Civilization that emerged about 1500 BCE. In Central America, the first autonomous civilization was the Mesoamerican Civilization which rose about 1000 BCE. Both civilizations fell about 1600 AD. The correct answer is E.