refer to the products that add value to the products of companies in an industry 

refers to exploiting the existing knowledge base and small improvements of existing products 

is the determination of the long-term goals and objectives, the allocation of the resources, and the adoption of the courses of action

refers to offering customers more value for the money by satisfying their desires and reducing costs c

is a technique that uses IT to develop a continuous relationship with customers to maximize the value of a company