This metaphor emphasizes the technical, hierarchical, rational, prolific, mechanical, and productive aspects of organizations

By this metaphor, organizations relations with their surrounding is emphasized and their taking shape as a result of expectations and demands is expressed

Learning and sharing information and knowledge are the basic concepts of this metaphor

The common goal, vision, and values shared by individuals forming the organizations are defined by social constructionism using this metaphor

This metaphor is about the inclusion of organizations in the clash of power and interests and their resting some activities on political moves they make to find funding