Below
are the steps in writing an effective abstract (San
Francisco Edit, 2018):
1. Identify the major objectives and
conclusions.
2. Identify phrases with keywords in the
methods section.
3. Identify the major results from the
discussion or results section.
4. Assemble the above information into a
single paragraph.
5. State your hypothesis or method used in
the first sentence.
6. Omit background information, literature
review, and detailed description of methods.
7. Remove extra words and phrases.
8. Revise the paragraph so that the abstract
conveys only the essential information.
9. Check to see if it meets the guidelines of the
targeted journal.
10. Give the abstract to a colleague (preferably
one who is not familiar with your work)
and ask him/her whether it makes sense.