The Tearoom sex study was conducted by Laud Humphreys (1970; cited in Thomas, 1996) and still continues to illustrate controversial ethical issues of deception, informed consent, and invasion of privacy. The Zimbardo Prison Experiment was criticized for not informing participants about the risk of psychological stress, physical discomfort, and/or humiliation to which they were ultimately exposed. The most widely held criticism of the Tuskegee study centers on the absence of informed consent and the exploitation of the participants. The Milgram obedience experiments were conducted to investigate people’s obedience to authority; in other words, the aim was to see how far a person would be willing to harm another person. However, the research participants were deceived about the nature of the research and led to believe that they were administering electric shocks to other participants. In The Little Albert Experiment an 11-month-old infant (named Albert B.), without the knowledge or consent of his parents, was conditioned to fear rats by associating them with fear-inducing circumstances such as a loud noise.