Normative theories, adopt human being’s freedom and capability to determine the outside world rather than emphasizing the influence of international structure and national interest. In this sense, normative theories have features of being voluntarist and eclectic. They look like predictive and explanatory theories rather than being deterministic theories. But, the propositions of normative theories cannot be tested or
verified by facts. However, these theories are known as educational and instructional theories. According to these, the correct answer is E.